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Apology (Plato)
The ''Apology'' (; ''Apologia Socratis''〔Henri Estienne (ed.), ''Platonis opera quae extant omnia'', Vol. 1, 1578, (p. 17 ).〕) is Plato's version of the speech given by Socrates as he defended himself in 399 BC〔("Socrates )," Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Sept. 16, 2005. See also Doug Lindner, "(The Trial of Socrates ), "Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City Law School 2002.〕 against the charges of "corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other ''daimonia'' that are novel" (24b). "Apology" here has its earlier meaning (now usually expressed by the word "apologia") of speaking in defense of a cause or of one's beliefs or actions (from the Greek ). The general term apology, in context to literature, defends a world from attack (opposite of satire-which attacks the world). The Apology, which depicts the death of Socrates, is among the four Plato dialogues to detail the philosopher's final days, along with Euthyphro, Phaedo, and Crito.
==The text==
Xenophon, who wrote his own ''Apology of Socrates'', indicates that a number of writers had published accounts of Socrates' defense. According to one prominent scholar, "Writing designed to clear Socrates' name was doubtless a particular feature of the decade or so following 399 BC".〔M. Schofield (1998, 2002), "Plato", in E. Craig (ed.), ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', retrieved 07-23-2008 from (rep.routledge.com )〕 Many scholars guess that Plato's ''Apology'' was one of the first, if not the very first, dialogues Plato wrote, though there is little if any evidence.〔pp. 71–72, W. K. C. Guthrie, ''A History of Greek Philosophy'', vol. 4, Cambridge 1975; p. 46, C. Kahn, ''Plato and the Socratic Dialogue'', Cambridge 1996.〕 Plato's ''Apology'' is commonly regarded as the most reliable source of information about the historical Socrates.〔T. Brickhouse & N. Smith, ("Plato" ), ''The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.〕
Except for two brief exchanges with Meletus (at 24d–25d and 26b–27d), where the monologue becomes a dialogue, the text is written in the first person from Socrates' point of view, as though it were Socrates' actual speech at the trial. During the course of the speech, Socrates twice mentions Plato as being present (at 34a and 38b). There is, however, no real way of knowing how closely Socrates' words in the ''Apology'' match those of Socrates at the actual trial, even if it was Plato's intention to be accurate in this respect.
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